Planar waveguides, also known as slab waveguides, are a fundamental component in the field of photonics. These structures are essential for guiding light in a controlled manner, and they have a wide range of applications in optical communications, lasers, and other photonic. The field of photonics is rapidly evolving, driven by the need for faster, more efficient, and more reliable data transfer and sensing technologies. At the heart of this evolution are planar waveguides, structures that guide light along a specific path on a flat substrate. This article. Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) utilizes semiconductor processes such as photolithography, etching, and deposition to create optical paths on substrates, enabling the propagation of optical signals. It achieves the functions of optical signal transmission, splitting, coupling, modulation, etc.
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